Gold Nanoparticles

• 20 & 30nm Citrate Gold Nanoparticles
• Available in 1nM and 5nM concentrations
• Suitable for protein & oligonucleotide adsorption and surface modification

Biotin Gold Nanoparticles

• Covalently bound to the surface coating of gold nanoparticle
• Used in conjugation with streptavidin-labeled reagents such as antibodies or proteins for lateral flow

Streptavidin Gold Nanoparticles

• Covalently bound to the surface coating of gold nanoparticle
• Used in conjugation with biotinylated reagents such as antibodies or proteins for lateral flow immunoassays

T25 DNA Gold Nanoparticles

• Used for the detection and identification of oligonucleotides
• Allow for simple, rapid, and reliable binding of Biotinylated PCR hybridized with a poly(dA)-tailed oligo

Custom Gold Nanoparticles

• Aptamer, Antibody, scFV, PEG & DNA coated gold nanoparticles upon request

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SPHERO™ Calibration Particles are designed for routine calibration of flow cytometers. They are used extensively by many laboratories for QC and long-term performance tracking. In addition, they are used for routine alignment and calibration in fluorescence and confocal fluorescence microscopy.

SPHERO™ Rainbow Calibration Particles

• Contains multiple fluorophores incorporated into the same particle to be used in multiple channels of the flow cytometer
• Available with different fluorescent intensities on the same size particles
• Stable for several years when stored properly
• Withstand freeze-thaw cycles; diluted particles can be stored frozen for later use
• Can be sanitized by treating with 70% ethanol or other antibiotic agents.

The Rainbow Calibration Particles (RCPs) contain a mixture of several similar size particles with different fluorescence intensities. Every particle contains a mixture of fluorophores that allows excitation at any wavelength from 365 to 650 nm. As a result, most channels in the flow cytometer can be calibrated using the same set of particles.

These particles have been used to determine the relative voltage range for each flow cytometry detector. This will determine the dynamic range of specific PMT detectors*.

*Perfetto, S. P., D. Ambrozak, et al. (2006). "Quality assurance for polychromatic flow cytometry." Nat. Protocols 1(3): 1522-1530.

The RCPs provide a reliable and reproducible particle mixture for calibrating flow cytometers. They are very stable since the fluorochromes are entrapped within the particles instead of being located on the surface. In addition, Spherotech uses fluorophores that are non-spectral matching to the commonly used fluorophores such as FITC, PE, or PE-Cy5. As a result, the RCPs are stable in terms of fluorescence.

The RCPs are convenient and affordable to use for long-term performance tracking or routine calibration. They are packaged in a dropper bottle to facilitate dispensing and storage. Dilution of a few drops of the particles from the dropper bottle to 1 mL of a diluent will provide adequate particle concentration for flow cytometer calibration.

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SPHERO™ Rainbow Calibration Particles for EuroFlow™ Standardization Guidelines

Rainbow Calibration Particles, 8 peaks Cat. No. RCP-30-5A (EuroFlow) are used in EuroFlow™ standardization protocols for the initial characterization, to set target MFI values, and for daily performance tracking of the flow cytometers.

SPHEROTM Rainbow Calibration Particles, EuroFlow™

RCP-30-5A (EuroFlow) provides target mean fluorescence intensities (MFI) to aid in the full standardization in 8-color flow cytometric immunophenotyping panel of normal and malignant leukocytes in bone marrow and blood.

Selected Reference:

Kalina T, Flores-Montero J, van der Velden VHJ, et al. EuroFlow standardization of flow cytometer instrument settings and immunophenotyping protocols. Leukemia. 2012;26(9):1986-2010. doi:10.1038/leu.2012.122.

The detailed EuroFlow SOP for instrument setup is available on the EuroFlow website (www.euroflow.org).

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SPHEROTM Rainbow Fluorescent Particles

The Rainbow Fluorescent Particles are similar to Rainbow Calibration Particles except that these represent uniform size particles with a single intensity. The Rainbow Fluorescent Particles are usually the brightest peak of the corresponding Rainbow Calibration Particles, with the exception of RFP-50-5, RFP-70-2, RFP-100-2, and RFP-30-5A. The RFP-30-5A has a fluorescence intensity similar to stained cells in all channels. Since these particles contain a single peak with very small fluorescence and size CV, they are very useful in the alignment of the optical system of the flow cytometer in all channels.

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SPHEROTM Ultra Rainbow & Supra Rainbow Quantitative Particle Kit

• Ultra Rainbow Quantitative Beads has 6 intensities while the Supra Rainbow Quantitative Beads has 4 intensities of NIST assigned ERF (Equivalent Number of Reference Fluorophores) values based on a published procedure using NIST SRM 1934 and a calibrated laser-based CCD fluorimeter
• Ultra Rainbow Quantitative Beads provides a microsphere reference standards for fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), phycoerythrin (PE), allophycocyanin (APC) and Pacific Blue (PB) fluorescent channels using four different NIST reference fluorophores; fluorescein, Nile Red, APC and Coumarin 30.
• Supra Rainbow Quantitative Beads provides a microsphere reference standards for fluorescent channels with the following excitation and emission: 375nm Ex / 427.5 to 757.5nm Em, 405nm Ex / 425 to 810nm, 488nm Ex / 500 to 810nm Em, 561nm Ex / 564 to 810nm EM, and 633nm Ex / 655 to 810nm.
• Used during flow cytometry standardardization and calibration measurements for the further advancement of biological and clinical applications.

Selected Reference:

• Wang, L. and Gaigalas, A., (2011). “Development of Multicolor Flow Cytometry Calibration Standard: Assignment of Equivalent Reference Fluorophores (ERF) Unit.” J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. 116, 671-683
• Wang, L., Gaigalas, A., and DeRose, P., (2016). “Assignment of the Number of Equivalent Reference Fluorophores to Dyed Microspheres.” J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol., 121, 264-281
• Wang, L., Degheidy, H., Abbasi, F., Mostowski, H., Marti, G., Bauer, S., Hoffman, R.A., and Gaigalas, A.K. 2016. Quantitative flow cytometry measurements in antibodies bound per cell based on a CD4 reference. Curr. Protoc. Cytom. 75:1.29.1-1.29.14. doi: 10.1002/0471142956.cy0129s75
• Wang, L., Stebblings, R., Gaigalas, A., et al., (2015). "Quantification of Cells with Specific Phenotypes II: Determination of CD4 Expression Level on Reconstituted Lyophilized Human PBMC Labelled with Anti-CD4 FITC Antibody." Cytometry Part A 87A, 254-261
• Wang, L., Gaigalas, A.K., Marti, G.E., Abbasi, F. and Hoffman, R.A. (2008) Toward Quantitative Fluorescence Measurements with Multicolor Flow Cytometry. Cytometry Part A, 73A, 279-288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cyto.a.20507

Ultra Rainbow Quantitative Beads are designed to determine the accuracy, precision & sensitivity in the Pacific Blue, FITC, PE, & APC channels.
Accuracy

• Provides a bead set to accurately measure comparable data from different types of instruments at different locations
• Determines the linearity of the digital output from the analog-to-digital converter

Precision

• Detects laser fluctuations, failed electronics, or obstructions in the flow cell

Sensitivity

• Determines background noise level and instrument efficiency
• Checks instrument's ability to distinguish dim peaks from blank beads
• Detects dye or light contamination

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SPHERO™ Ultra Rainbow Calibration Particle Kits

• Consists of one bead with multiple fluorophores and intensities for calibration in all channels of the flow cytometer
• Designed for routine calibration and long term performance tracking
• Used to optimize the linearity, resolution, and sensitivity
• Simplifies the calibration in the UV, Violet, and Far Red

A set of calibration particles, Ultra Rainbow Calibration Particles, is now available for performance tracking of flow cytometers with fluorescent channels in the UV to Far Red. The Ultra Rainbow Calibration Particle Kits are available in either 3.8 µm, 5.1 µm, or 10 µm. The Ultra Rainbow Calibration Particles have improved resolution in the UV, PE-Cy7, APC, and APC-Cy7 channels.

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SPHERO™ Ultra Rainbow Fluorescent Particles

• Consists of a single peak for optical alignment of any flow cytometer in all channels from UV to Far Red
• Determines if the flow cell is clean and without fluidic blockage
• Measures the coefficients of variation (CVs), peak channels, and histogram distribution to determine the functionality of flow cytometers

New flow cytometers, with fluorescent channels from the UV to Far Red, and corresponding fluorescent conjugates are now available. As a result, we have developed the Ultra Rainbow Fluorescent Particles with enhanced UV and Far Red fluorescence intensity. The Ultra Rainbow Fluorescent Particles contain a single peak and are designed for checking the optical alignment of any flow cytometer in all channels.

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SPHERO™ Supra Rainbow Midrange Fluorescent Particles

• Consists of a single peak which has an intensity similar to real samples
• Contains a single peak with very low fluorescence and size CV
• Fluorescent in UV, FITC, PE, PE-TR, PE-Cy5, PE-Cy7, APC, APC-Cy7, and IR
• Measures the coefficients of variation (CVs), and target channels using experimental settings.

The SRCP has an intensity close to that of cellular samples with excellent CVs. Once the optimal voltages for an experiment are determined, the setting can be captured as target channels based on the mean fluorescence intensity of the SRCP. This allows the creation of Levy-Jennings plots of the voltages to get the beads to a specific target channel number. The target channel numbers are more robust to instrument changes than the voltages themselves. As a result, changes in the instrument are easier to detect.

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SPHERO™ Rainbow Alignment Particles

• Consists of a prediluted, single peak for optical alignment of any flow cytometer in any channel
• Contains a single peak with very low fluorescence and size CV
• Fluorescent in UV, FITC, PE, PE-TR, PE-Cy5, PE-Cy7,
• APC, and APC-Cy7 channels
• Measures the coefficients of variation (CVs), peak channels, and histogram distribution of flow cytometers.

SPHERO™ Fluorescent Alignment Particles

• Consists of a single peak for optical alignment of any flow cytometer
• Contains a single peak with very low fluorescence and size CV
• Fluorescent in FITC, PE, PE-TR, and PE-Cy5 channels
• Measures the coefficients of variation (CVs), peak channels, and histogram distribution of flow cytometers.

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SPHERO™ Rainbow Linear Calibration Particles

• Designed to check the linearity of the PMT in the linear scale of flow cytometers
• Used to quantitate the DNA content of cells stained with either Hoechst dyes, DAPI, Ethidium Bromide, Propidium Iodide, YOYO or TOTO

SPHERO™ Allophycocyanin Calibration Particles

• Contain a mixture of fluorescent particles with different intensities in the Allophycocyanin channel
• Excited with either He-Ne laser at 632 nm or a diode laser at 635 nm
• Used to determine the linearity of the logarithmic amps and sensitivity of flow cytometers in the Allophycocyanin channel

SPHERO™ IR Calibration Particles

• Contain a mixture of fluorescent particles with different intensities in IR channels
• Excited with 785-nm IR diode laser or other laser operating in the infrared
• Used to determine the linearity of the logarithmic amps and sensitivity in near-IR channels

SPHERO™ Blank Calibration Particles

• Consists of the blank peak of the corresponding Rainbow Calibration Particles
• Used to set the threshold of the instrument in every channel
• Valuable in quality verification of FSC and SSC channels when several sizes are used at the same time

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SPHERO™ Drop Delay Calibration Particles

• Aids in the determination of the drop delay value
• Increases the accuracy and productivity while sorting
• Consists of 2 mL at 1x108 particles/mL of a single population of fluorescent particles
• Contains a mixture of fluorophores which allows detection in multiple channel flow cytometers

The SPHERO™ Drop Delay Calibration Particles are fluorescent to aid in the determination of the drop delay value for flow cytometer sorters with the appropriate attachment. As a result of using the Drop Delay Calibration Particles and the appropriate attachment, the accuracy and productivity during sorting are enhanced.

SPHERO™ AccuCount Ultra Rainbow and Fluorescent Beads for Drop Delay Calibration Particles during Large Cell Sorting

• Used to determine the Drop-Charge Delay (DCD) and Laser Time Delays (LTD) during larger cell sorting
• Used to determine if the flow of larger particles is unaffected by instrument design

Selected References for Large Drop Delay Beads:

Mazel, S, Fang, F., Semova, S. Semova, Georgala, P., and Gardner, R. “Size Matters”: On the Challenges of Sorting Large Cells with Conventional Droplet Cell Sorters. Poster presented at 1st CYTO ASIA Scientific Conference; 2017 Oct 25-27; Singapore.

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SPHERO™ Easy Calibration Fluorescent Particles

• Surface labeled polystyrene beads with commonly used fluorophores
• Used to determine the linearity of the logarithmic amps and sensitivity of flow cytometers in specific channels
• Supplied as individual products for use in specific channels of flow cytometers

The Easy Calibration Fluorescent Particles consist of a mixture of particles with intensities calibrated in terms of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorochrome (MEF) units. Spherotech offers Easy Calibration Fluorescent Particles with three different fluorochromes, including FITC, PE, and GFP.

Since each Easy Calibration Fluorescent Particle population is assigned a MEF unit, linearity calibrations, and quantitative determinations can be performed. A linearity calibration is performed by graphing each population's channel number against its assigned MEF value. As a result, a regression line is created. This line can be used to track the performance history of the instrument. In addition, quantitative determinations for stained cells are calculated when their obtained channel numbers are cross-calibrated against the regression line. Refer to SPHERO™ Technical Note #9 (STN #9) for more info.

Unlike the Rainbow Calibration Particles, these beads are surfaced labeled. As a result, these beads interact with their environment and are used to detect changes within the flow cytometer, such as contaminants or pH changes.

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SPHERO™ Fluorescent Particle Slides

• Aids in the routine alignment and calibration of Laser Scanning Cytometers, confocal fluorescent microscopes, and other fluorescent imaging systems
• Used to determine the sensitivity and system performance
• Rainbow and Ultra Rainbow Particle Slides contain a mixture of fluorophores and intensities which allows detection in multiple channels.

The Fluorescent Particle Slides are designed for routine alignment and calibration of Laser Scanning Cytometers, confocal fluorescent microscopes, and other fluorescent imaging systems. The slides are prepared by mounting Fluorescent Particles or Rainbow Fluorescent Particles in a permanent mounting medium.

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SPHERO™ AccuCount Particles

• Contains particles with a known number of particles per mL
• Easy to use and cost-effective
• Available in several sizes to accommodate the target cell size to be counted
• Provided as blank, fluorescent, Rainbow, or Ultra Rainbow particles that can be used in multiple fluorescent channels of flow cytometers

The SPHERO™ AccuCount Particles are designed to be used as reference particles with known number of particles per mL for counting the absolute cell number by flow cytometry. The SPHERO™ AccuCount Particles are very easy to use and are cost-effective. The AccuCount Fluorescent Particles are fluorescent in the FITC, PE, and PE-Cy5 channels. Both AccuCount Fluorescent and AccuCount Blank (nonfluorescent) Particles are available in various particle sizes to accommodate the size of the cells to be counted. In addition, Spherotech also manufactures the AccuCount Rainbow Fluorescent Particles and AccuCount Ultra Rainbow Fluorescent Particles for detection in more fluorescent channels.

Selected References:

• Yu X, Xu J, Huang G, et al. Bubble-Induced Endothelial Microparticles Promote Endothelial Dysfunction. PLoS One. 2017;12(1):e0168881. Published 2017 Jan 23. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168881
• Diebold, L., Hyea, G., Peng, G, et al. Mitochondrial complex III is necessary for endothelial cell proliferation during angiogenesis. Nature Metabolism.1,158–171. Published 2019 Jan 07. doi.org/10.1038/s42255-018-0011-x
• Baal, N., Cunningham, S., Obermann, H., et al. ADAR1 Is Required for Dendritic Cell Subset Homeostasis and Alveolar Macrophage Function. Journal of Immunology January 16, 2019, ji1800269; DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800269

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SPHERO™ Flow Cytometry Multiplex Bead Assay Particles

SPHERO™ Flow Cytometry Multiplex Bead Assay Particles are designed for the development of flow cytometer multiplex assays. These kits are used to develop assays for allergy testing, autoimmune diseases, cardiac markers, cytokine detection, endocrine markers, infectious disease markers, isotyping, genotyping, kinase and phosphorylated protein activity, metabolic markers, and tissue typing.

SPHERO™ Blue Fluorescent Particle Array Kits (PAK)

• Designed to simplify flow cytometer multiplex assay development
• Consists of fluorescent particles of different intensities in PE-Cy5 and APC channels and minimal fluorescence in FITC and PE channels with 488 nm excitation
• Used with FITC and/or PE for detection
• Several sizes can be used independently or mixed together
• Available as Functionalized, Streptavidin, Biotin, and antibody-coated

​​The Blue PAK particles are fluorescent in PE-Cy5, APC, and APC-Cy7 channels with minimal fluorescence in FITC and PE channels with 488 or 635 nm excitation. This allows that either FITC and/or PE tracers can be used for detection. These kits are available with different functionalities and coatings. Carboxyl, amino, and plain polystyrene functionalized particles are available for covalent attachment or passive adsorption of ligands. Most flow cytometers can resolve the 3.6μm, 4.0μm, and 5.1μm Blue PAKs easily in FSC/SSC channels. Ideally, one can mix them together and use both FITC and PE to run 50 assays in the same tube.

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SPHERO™ Flow Cytometry Magnetic Multiplex Bead Assay Particles

• Used in bead based flow cytometric platform multiplex analysis development
• Consists of nine bead populations internally dyed with varying intensities of SPHEROTM Blue Dye
  Fluorescent in the PE-Cy5 or APC channels of the flow cytometer; all 9 populations resolved
• Minimal fluorescence in the FITC and PE channels of the flow cytometer
• Provides a carboxyl (COOH) surface, permitting the easy conjugation of analytes or analyte-specific antibodies

​​The Blue PAK particles are fluorescent in PE-Cy5, APC, and APC-Cy7 channels with minimal fluorescence in FITC and PE channels with 488 or 635 nm excitation. This allows that either FITC and/or PE tracers can be used for detection.

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SPHERO™ Flow Cytometry Particle Size Standard Kit

The SPHERO™ Flow Cytometry Particle Size Standard Kit is designed to be a reliable size reference for flow cytometry. This kit consists of six different size particles with a known diameter. The diameter for each particle has been determined using a Beckman Coulter Multisizer 3 and NIST traceable particles.

Using FSC signals of the flow cytometry, the size of cells can be estimated when compared to the SPHERO™ Flow Cytometry Particle Size Standards. When using this product, be aware that FSC signals are related to both size and refractive index.

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SPHERO™ COMPtrol Antibody Capture Beads

• Binds to antibodies of mouse, rat, and hamster origin and are immunoglobulin light chain independent
• Provides a method for the quality contol of fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies prior to cell staining
• Aids in setting proper compensation to reduce cross-talk between flow cytometer channels
• Compatible with all fluorochromes excited from the UV to the near IR

SPHERO™ COMPtrol Amine-Reactive Dye Compensation Kit

Suitable for labeling with LIVE/DEAD® stains or other amine-reactive dyes to generate compensation standards for flow cytometric analysis.

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SPHERO™ EasyComp Fluorescent Particles

• Prepared by labeling the surface of polystyrene particles with commonly used fluorophores
• Provide spectral matching particles for setting compensation in a wide variety of channels for any flow cytometer
• Supplied as individual products or as kits for different flow cytometer models

The EasyComp Fluorescent Particles are prepared by surface labeling polystyrene particles with commonly used fluorophores. These particles are used for setting compensation in a wide variety of channels for any flow cytometer. The EasyComp Fluorescent Particles are supplied as individual products or as kits for use in different models of flow cytometers.

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SPHERO™ Fluorescent Particles

• Beneficial to bioimaging and biosensing applications
• Uniform and stable fluorescence
• Available with functional groups for covalent binding

The SPHERO fluorescent microparticles are prepared by either staining polystyrene particles with a fluorophore solution or by polymerizing a fluorophore in styrene in the presence of polystyrene core particles. As a result, a wide variety of fluorescent particles can be prepared ranging in size, type of fluorophore, fluorescence intensity, and surface functional groups. The fluorophores chosen for use in the preparation of SPHERO fluorescent particles are water-insoluble and therefore are very stable. These fluorophores, once incorporated into the particles, do not leach, and their color and fluorescence remain stable for long periods of time under proper storage conditions.

The SPHERO™ fluorescent particles are available in single or multiple fluorophores of various sizes and fluorescence intensities with a very small coefficient of variation in both size and fluorescence. They can be used for latex agglutination, fluorescence microscopy, and confocal fluorescence microscopy. Many of these particles can also be used for flow cytometry.

SPHERO™ Functionalized Fluorescent Particles

• Used for covalent coupling of proteins or ligands
• Can be coated with Avidin, Biotin, Protein A, Goat, anti-Mouse IgG, or other protein of interest
• Used as fluorescent tracers for cell surface markers in fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry

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SPHERO™ IR Fluorescent Particles

• Designed for flow cytometry applications with NIR and IR excitations
• Manufactured from flow cytometer grade polystyrene particles
• Available in a variety of sizes and chemistries

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SPHERO™ Coated Fluorescent Particles

Spherotech offers a wide variety of fluorescent particles coated with antibodies, Avidin, Biotin, Protein A and Protein G for the convenience of our customers. Please see the Fluorescent Particle Page 14 for the excitation and emission spectra of the fluorophores used to produce the SPHERO™ Coated Fluorescent Microparticles.

SPHERO™ Biotin Coated Fluorescent Particles

• Biotinylated particles exhibits high affinity noncovalent interaction with streptavidin
• Blue Fluorescent Biotin Particles may be used in Flow Cytometry Bead Assays since they exhibit limited FITC and PE fluorescence, but are fluorescent in PE-Cy5, APC, and APC-Cy7 channels
• Biotin beads with a 0.5µm diameter have been used in FACS phagocytosis assay and immunofluorescence procedure in macrophages

SPHERO™ Glutathione Coated Fluorescent Particles

• Prepared by covalently coupling
• Used to purify and detect glutathione-s-transferase (GST) fusion proteins

SPHERO™ Avidin Coated Fluorescent Particles

• Strong and specific affinity for Biotin
• Extensive chemical modification during coupling to beads has little effect on activity, making Avidin specifically useful for detection and purification of proteins

SPHERO™ Streptavidin Coated Fluorescent Particles

• Streptavidin fluorescent particles provide a universal binding reagent that simplifies clinical diagnostics, immuno/histological studies and research applications
• Streptavidin fluorescent beads with a diameter of 0.5µm immobilized with fusion proteins have been used to quantitatively analyze low-affinity interactions at the cell surface by determining its binding to cells using flow cytometry

SPHERO™ Protein A Coated Fluorescent Particles

• Interacts with the Fc region of IgGs of several species

SPHERO™ Protein G Coated Fluorescent Particles

• Powerful tool for binding and detecting both monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies
• Contains Protein G, a bacterial cell wall protein, isolated from group G streptococci
• Binds to IgG with Fc region specificity

SPHERO™ Goat anti-Mouse IgG Coated Fluorescent Particles

• Offers both Goat anti-Mouse IgG H&L and Fcγ Fragment Specific coated fluorescent particles
• IgG Fc Fragment Specific antibody reacts with Fc portion of Mouse IgG heavy chains but not with the Fab portion
• Available in a wide variety of sizes and fluorophores
• Used in FACS-based cell-binding analysis method for detecting protein-protein interaction
• Used in phagocytosis studies where the number of internalized microspheres per cell was determined from flow cytometry fluorescence histograms

SPHERO™ Goat anti-Human IgG Coated Fluorescent Particles

• Reacts with whole molecule Human IgG
• Reacts with light chains of other human immunoglobulin

SPHERO™ Rat anti-Mouse IgM Coated Fluorescent Particles

• Coated with Rat monoclonal anti-Mouse immunoglobulin IgM by covalent coupling
• Reacts with Mouse mu heavy chain of immunoglobulin

SPHERO™ Oligo (dT) Coated Fluorescent Particles

• Used for the capture of mRNA when fluorescent beads are needed

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SPHERO™ Polystyrene Particles

• Uniform Shape and Size
• Multi-liter Capabilities
• Available from 0.05 to 500μm

The SPHERO™ polystyrene particles are prepared by conventional emulsion polymerization with styrene as the monomer and potassium persulfate or benzoyl peroxide as polymerization initiator. In general, microparticles less than 0.5μm are prepared in one step. Larger particles are prepared by step-wise growing of smaller particles with the addition of styrene monomer and initiator without any additional detergent. The microparticles are cleaned by repeated centrifugation. Cleaned microparticles are resuspended in deionized water. Sodium azide (0.02%) is added as a bacteriostatic. As a result, the SPHERO microparticles can be coated with proteins without further cleaning.

SPHERO™ polystyrene particles are composed of linear polystyrene without any cross-linking agent. These particles cannot tolerate organic solvents such as toluene, xylene, chloroform, methylene chloride, acetonitrile, dimethyl formamide, or acetone. However, SPHERO polystyrene particles are stable in the presence of some water-miscible solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide and alcohol. Uniform-size cross-linked polystyrene particles that are stable in the presence of organic solvents are also available.

Uniform SPHERO™ polystyrene particles are ideal for use in immunoassays such as latex agglutination, particle-based enzyme immunoassays, and fluorescence immunoassays. A tight size range of SPHERO polystyrene particles is maintained by monitoring size using a NICOMP Laser Particle Sizer (for particles less than 3μm) and a Scanning Electron Microscope and/ or Beckman Coulter Multisizer for larger particles. Although the size measurements are accurate, these particles are not certified for use as a calibration standard for size measurements or pore size analysis.

These polystyrene beads are used during the production of our other product lines, including fluorescent, functionalized, crosslinked, magnetic, and protein-coated particles. In addition, Spherotech polystyrene beads are used to manufacture a wide range of flow cytometry beads for applications such as calibration, alignment, sensitivity measurements, compensation, and various kits for assay development.

SPHERO™ Nano Polystyrene Particle Size Standard Kit

• Consists of ready-to-use blank beads with 4 different diameters from ~200nm to ~1.5µm
• Designed to estimate the size of microparticles, aquatic bacteria, and platelets with analytical sizing instrumentation
• Provides a cost-effective submicron size standardization substitute when NIST beads are not necessary

SPHERO™ Crosslinked Polystyrene Particle ​​Non-Uniform Crosslinked Particles

• Cost effective alternative if a uniform shape is not required
• Uniform size distributions
• Stable in organic solvent

Spherotech offers a wide range of crosslinked polystyrene particles. Both non-uniform and uniform-shaped crosslinked polystyrene particles are manufactured at Spherotech. The low-cost non-uniform particles are useful when particle shape does not matter. These non-uniform crosslinked polystyrene particles are stable in the presence of organic solvents. The figure below shows the differences between the polymeric particles consisting of polystyrene and particles made from copolymers, styrene/divinylbezene.

SPHERO™ Non-Uniform Crosslinked Polystyrene Particles

• Highly uniform and monodispersed
• Available from 3 to 30 microns

If highly spherical monosized polymer particles are needed, Spherotech also has crosslinked polystyrene particles that are uniform in size and shape.

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SPHERO™ Silica Particles

• Excellent tool for isolation of nucleic acid
• Available in bulk quantities on an OEM basis
• Flexible silanization chemistries
• Unique refractive index and density
• Low autofluorescence and low nonspecific binding of many biomolecules
• Suitable for applications over 1000˚C
• Wide range of solvent compatibility

SPHERO™ Amino Silica Particles

• Contains primary amines for covalent coupling with electrophilic groups
• React with a number of functional groups such as succinimidyl NHS ester, COOH and many others

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SPHERO™ Functionalized Polystyrene Particles

Specific particle surface chemistry enables a broad range of coating and binding applications. SPHERO functionalized polystyrene particles provide reactive groups on uniform microparticles for consistent and repeatable coating and binding. There are several ways to prepare particles with functionalized surfaces.

• Polymerization initiator selection
• Functionalized monomer grafting

A variety of functional groups can be provided on the microparticle’s exterior surface by selecting the appropriate polymerization initiator. For instance, if potassium persulfate is used as an initiator for polymerization, the particle will have sulfate groups. Similarly, other functional groups can be introduced on the surface of the particles by using other functionalized initiators.

Another method for providing surface functional groups is by grafting functionalized monomers after the polymerization process. This type of functionalized polystyrene particle is prepared by coating a thin layer of functionalized monomer onto the surface of plain particles. As a result, all of the functional groups are on the surface of the particles. The functional groups are attached to the surface of the particles by alkyl chains of two to eight carbons in length, depending upon the type of functionalized monomer used.

Below are the surface charge densities for 0.8μm carboxyl and amino particles:

• SPHERO™ carboxyl polystyrene particles with a diameter of 0.8μm typically contain ~ 50μeq/g of carboxyl groups on their surface.
• SPHERO™ amino polystyrene particles with a diameter of 0.8μm typically contain ~ 15 to 20μeq/g of amino groups on their surface

Nonetheless, the choice of particle size and type is dependent upon the intended application. For instance, particles with sizes of 0.4 to 2.0μm are suitable for latex agglutination assay, solid-phase enzyme immunoassay, or solid-phase fluorescence immunoassay. Particles with size of 2.0μm or larger are preferred for flow cytometry applications.

SPHERO™ Functionalized Particle Application Examples and Recommendations:

• Carboxyl or Amino functionalized particles are very useful for covalent coupling of proteins, ligands, antibodies, or antigens to the surface of the microparticles using water-soluble carbodiimide as the coupling agent.
• Varying particle surface charges can be obtained using functionalized particles such as hydroxyl, sulfate, and dimethylamino. These particles are used to manipulate the orientation of the coated material by passive adsorption.
• Polyclonal antibodies can be coated to polystyrene particles by passive adsorption. According to our experience, the optimal amount of antibody to particles ratio is ~100μg of antibody per mL of 0.5%w/v (5mg solid per mL) of 0.8μm polystyrene. Since the total surface area of the particles is inversely proportional to the diameter of the particles, the amount of antibody to particles ratio needs to be adjusted accordingly.
• The washing of polystyrene particles to remove unbound proteins or ligands during coating is accomplished by centrifugation or tangential flow filtration for particles with a size of 0.4μm or larger. For smaller size particles gel filtration, dialysis, or tangential flow filtration should be used.

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SPHERO™ Coated Particles

• Manufactured by either passive adsorption or covalent coupling depending upon the intended application
• Stable for several years under proper storage condition
• Available in a wide variety of formats: polystyrene particles, fluorescent particles and magnetic particles coated with antibodies, Avidin, Streptavidin and Biotin and other proteins.

The SPHERO™ Coated Particles are prepared either by passive adsorption or covalent coupling, depending upon the intended applications. For example, the 4.0-4.5 μm Goat anti-Mouse IgG, Goat anti-rabbit IgG, and Goat anti-human IgG coated magnetic particles intended for cell separation are prepared by covalent coupling. Similarly, the avidin and biotin-coated particles are also prepared by covalent coupling. On the other hand, the 0.7-0.9 μm Goat anti-Mouse IgG coated polystyrene particles are prepared using passive adsorption. However, they are stable for several years under proper storage conditions. Spherotech offers a wide variety of polystyrene particles, fluorescent particles, and magnetic particles coated with antibodies, Avidin, Streptavidin, Biotin, and other proteins. For instance, Spherotech manufactures Protein A-coated polystyrene and magnetic particles for binding to IgG from human, mouse, and rabbit serum and Glutathione coated polystyrene particles for detecting the GST fusion proteins by flow cytometry. Likewise, protease-coated magnetic particles can be used for enzymatic digestion of antibodies or proteins.

SPHERO™ Streptavidin Coated Particles

• Designed for chemiluminescent assays, biotinylated ligand capture, molecular biology, immunoassay, and sample prep applications
• Used to bind a variety of biotinylated ligands such as DNA/RNA, oligos, antibodies, and proteins

SPHERO™ Concentrated Coated Particles

• Used in digital cell biology platforms by biopharmaceutical companies working in large molecule drug discovery and development.

SPHERO™ Avidin Coated Particles

• Prepared by covalent coupling of avidin to carboxyl polystyrene particles
• Contains two available biotin binding sites when coupled to particles
• Has a tendency to nonspecifically bind to other compounds due to high isoelectric point (pI)

SPHERO™ Neutravidin Coated Particles

• Has a strong affinity for biotin
• Minimizes nonspecific adsorption due to neutral isoelectric point
• Has no known off-target binding domains like Streptavidin

SPHERO™ Biotin Coated Particles

• Has a strong affinity for avidin, streptavidin, and neutravidin tagged proteins
• Used when avidin, streptavidin or neutravidin is bound to proteins or oligonucleotides in immunoassay or molecular diagnostics
• Has been used to purify avidin from an intermediate product containing avidin and enzymes
• Reduces steric hindrances due to linker arms length used during coupling

SPHERO™ Goat anti-Mouse IgG Coated Particles

• Prepared by the passive adsorption of polyclonal antibody to polystyrene particles
• Used for antibody attachment in immunoassay and cell separation applications
• The goat anti-Mouse IgG (H+L) coated particles are for general antibody attachment since they react with both the heavy and light chains of the IgG molecule (Fc and F(ab')2 / Fab portions)
• The goat anti-Mouse IgG Fc coated particles bind to the heavy chains of mouse IgG subclasses at the Fc region; thus, orientating the Fab fragments for optimal antigen binding

SPHERO™ Goat anti-Rat IgG Coated Particles

• Coated with affinity-purified polyclonal antibodies with specificity for rat immunoglobulin classes (IgG, IgM)
• Ultilizes antibodies that are purified to minimize cross-reactivity to serum proteins of other species
• RtPFc-60-5 reacts with rat IgG heavy chains antibody portions in immunoassay and cell separation applications
• RtPXA-60-5 reacts with rat IgG heavy and light chains antibody portions

SPHERO™ Goat anti-Human IgG Coated Particles

• Reacts with whole molecule human IgG and with the light chains of other human immunoglobulins
• Used as Human IgG Capture beads for Flow Cytometry Bead Based Assays

SPHERO™ Donkey anti-Goat IgG Coated Particles

• Used in flow cytometric assays and fluorometric microvolume assays
• Reacts with the heavy and light chains of Goat IgG and may also react with the light chains of other goat immunoglobulins

SPHERO™ Goat anti-Rabbit IgG Coated Particles

• Diameter of 0.8 µm used in bead uptake experiment to study focal exocytosis and phagocytosis in macrophages
• Gt anti-Rb beads have been used in flow cytometric assays and fluorometric microvolume assays

SPHERO™ Anti-Digoxigenin Coated Particles

• Prepared by covalently coupling monoclonal antibody to digoxigenin from mouse-mouse hybrid cells
• Used to purify and detect digoxigenin-labeled protein and nucleic acids

SPHERO™ Mouse anti-Human IgG Coated Particles

• Coated with affinity-purified antibodies with specificity for human immunoglobulins

SPHERO™ Donkey anti-Sheep IgG Coated Particles

• Uses antibodies cross reacted to chicken, guinea, pig, hamster, horse, human, mouse, and rat serum proteins

SPHERO™ Protein A Coated Particles

• Produced by covalently coupling Protein A to polystyrene particles
• Interacts with the Fc region of IgGs of several species

SPHERO™ Protein L Coated Particles

• Produced by covalently coupling Protein L to polystyrene particles
• Binds immunoglobulins through kappa light chain interactions without interfering with an antibody's antigen-binding site

SPHERO™ Protein G Coated Particles

• Produced by covalently coupling Protein G to polystyrene particles
• Has a high specificity for the Fc regions of IgGs of different species
• Suitable for easy and efficient one-step affinity purification of small amounts of Ig and other proteins

SPHERO™ Anti-His Coated Particles

• Prepared by covalently coupling anti-6X His EPITOPE TAG (Rabbit) to carboxyl polystyrene particles using EDC
• Has high affinity to His-tag fusion proteins
• Simplifies the purification and detection of recombinant protein fused with 6X-His tag

SPHERO™ Glutathione Coated Particles

• Prepared by covalently coupling
• Used to purify and detect glutathione-s-transferase (GST) fusion proteins

SPHERO™ Anti-FLAG M2 Coated Particles

• Ultilizes a purified murine IgG1 monoclonal antibody covalently attached using EDC coupling
• Binds to the FLAG fusion proteins
• Recognizes the FLAG sequence at the N-terminus, met N-terminus, and C-terminus

SPHERO™ Oligo (dT) Coated Fluorescent Particles

• Used for the capture of mRNA when non-magnetic beads are needed

SPHERO™ BSA Coated Particles

• Used as a control during the determination of antibody nonspecific binding
• Has several functional groups available for conjugation

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SPHERO™ Color Particles

• Excellent for latex agglutination tests
• Enhances the visibility of agglutination
• Available with functional groups for covalent binding of antigens or antibodies

The SPHERO™ Blue Particles are prepared by polymerizing oil-soluble dye in styrene. They are free of solvent commonly found in particles stained with a solution of dye in organic solvent. These particles are intensely colored to enhance the visual detection in assays such as latex agglutination, dipstick, and membrane-based assays.

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SPHERO™ Paramagnetic Magnetic Particles

The magnetic characteristics of magnetic particles are determined by measuring the magnetic Hysteresis Loop of magnetic particles with a magnetometer, as shown below. The magnetic particles are subjected to an increasing magnetizing field (H in Oersteds) in one direction while sensing the magnetic field (B in Gauss) in the sample to reach maximum or saturation magnetization (Bm). The magnetizing field is then returned to zero, and the field retained is measured as the remnant magnetization (Br). Finally, the field is reversed until magnetization is at zero again. The corresponding field strength (Hc) is the coercivity of the magnetic particles. If the Br and Hc are near zero, the magnetic particles are characterized as superparamagnetic as shown for Cat. No. CM-10- 10. On the other hand, the Ferromagnetic Particles will have a Hysteresis Loop similar to Cat. No.CFM-40-10.

SPHERO™ Magnetic Polystyrene Particles

• Consists of paramagnetic particles prepared by coating a layer of iron oxide and polystyrene onto polystyrene core particles
• Uniform in size and spherical in shape
• Separated using a magnet and resuspended when removed from the magnetic field
• Used for cell separation, affinity purification, DNA probe assays, magnetic particle EIA, etc.

SPHERO™ Carboxyl Magnetic Particles

• Used during the isolation and affinity purification of biomolecules in a wide range of assays and applications
• Contains carboxylic acid groups that can be used for carbodiimide activation (e.g., EDC) for covalent coupling
• Couples to the primary amino groups of nucleic acids, peptides, proteins or other target molecules

SPHERO™ Jeffamine® Magnetic Particles

Contains a PEG-based spacer arm that is terminated with amine groups for coupling carboxyl-containing molecules.

SPHERO™ Carboxyl PMMA Magnetic Particles

Provides carboxyl magnetic beads with less autofluorescence than magnetic polystyrene beads.

SPHERO™ Epoxy Magnetic Particles

Covalently binds to primary amino and sulfhydryl groups in proteins and peptides.

SPHERO™ Amino Magnetic Particles

• Supplied as an aqueous suspension magnetic particles to provide primary amino groups
• Used to covalently couple proteins using bifunctional crosslinking agents
• Rapidly separates bound from unbound molecules using a magnetic separator

SPHERO™ Magnetic Cross-linked Particles

• Resistant to common organic solvents such as acetone, acetonitrile, DMF and chloroform
• Used in a wide variety of molecular biology, nucleic acid isolation, research protocols and clinical immunoassay reagent applications

SPHERO™ Magnetic Polystyrene Particles, Smooth Surface

• Consists of a thick layer of polymer coating on the surface to encapsulate the iron oxide coating
• Does not contain exposed iron oxide on the surface
• Used in applications where exposed iron oxide causes undesirable interferences

SPHERO™ Amino Magnetic Particles, Smooth Surface

• Aids in the separation in whole blood
• Monodispersed surface for optimal performance

SPHERO™ Carboxyl Magnetic Particles, Smooth Surface

• Activated for covalent coupling to amine-containing molecules using a variety of mechanisms
• Used with one or two-step coupling using EDC to form amide bonds with proteins or other molecules
• Used for coupling to amino modified oligonucleotide probes with MES buffer and EDC

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SPHERO™ High Iron Nano Superparamagnetic Particles

• Superparamagnetic nanospheres with ~40% iron and superior stability for coupling to nucleic acids, proteins, and antibodies
• Allows for rapid and reliable cell isolations from whole blood without extensive sample preparation
• Provides an uniform, monodispersed surface with high magnetic susceptibility
• Available with a variety of surface chemistries for stable binding and optimal orientation of biomolecules

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SPHERO™ Silica High Iron Nano Superparamagnetic Particles

• SPHERO™ Silica Superparamagnetic nanospheres are Fe3O4 magnetic beads coated with a silicon dioxide (SiO2) layer
• Provides silanol groups to form stable siloxane linkages which are then used with a variety of organosilane chemistry approaches to modify the surface
• Useful in an array of applications such as covalent immobilization of proteins (e.g. antibodies, enzymes), peptides, nucleic acids or other molecules of interest
• Used to purify DNA or RNA under high concentration of chaotropic salts

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SPHERO™ Coated Magnetic Particles

• Available with a variety of ligands such as Streptavidin, Avidin, Neutravidin, Protein A, Protein G, and Biotin
• Also available coated with highly specific recognition groups such as polyclonal antibodies
• Used in nucleic acid isolation, protein purification, immunology, and cell separations
• Available impregnated with fluorophores for flow cytometry or easy particle location identification in phagocytosis assays

SPHERO™ Biotin Coated Magnetic Particles

• Used to take advantage of the high affinities of the biotin–streptavidin and biotin–avidin interactions (Ka in the order of 1013–1015 M-1)
• Provides one of the strongest biomolecular interactions when exposed to streptavidin conjugates to a form stable complexes

SPHERO™ Avidin Coated Magnetic Particles

• Used for Genome isolation when coated with a biotinylated genome capture probe for E.coli and B.subtilis*

*S. Yeung, T. Ming-Hung Lee, H. Cai, and I-Ming Hsing. " A DNA biochip for on-the-spot multiplexed pathogen identification." Nucleic Acids Res., Vol 34, No. 18, e118 (Oct 2006)

SPHERO™ Neutravidin Coated Magnetic Particles

• Provide very low non-specific binding since they do not contain any carbohydrates and have a near-neutral isoelectric point of 6.3
• Used for diagnostic and molecular biology applications
• Have a binding capacity of ~5100 pmol/mg

SPHERO™ Streptavidin Coated Magnetic Particles

• Streptavidin magnetic particles have found widespread use as detection reagents in immunology, biochemistry and cellular biology due to their high affinity binding to biotin
• Biotin–streptavidin interaction have been exploited in many applications including the development of new reagents for diagnostics such as sandwich magnetic particle enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MPEIA) and molecular biology studies involving nucleic acids

SPHERO™ Protein G Coated Magnetic Particles

• Used to capture species-specific anti-IgG to magnetic microspheres
• Directly binds immunoglobulins from ascites fluids or concentrated hybridoma supernatants to facilitate purification

SPHERO™ Protein A Coated Magnetic Particles

• Used for the immunomagnetic separation (IMS) and real-time PCR to detect Escherichia coli*

*Fu, Z., S. Rogelj, et al. (2005). "Rapid detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 by immunomagnetic separation and real-time PCR." International Journal of Food Microbiology 99(1): 47-57

SPHERO™ Sheep anti-Rat IgG Coated Magnetic Particles

• Consists of uniform, paramagnetic polystyrene beads coated with polyclonal Sheep anti-Rat IgG antibodies

SPHERO™ Donkey anti-Goat IgG Coated Magnetic Particles

• Ideal for direct or indirect isolation of proteins and cells during immunomagnetic separation

SPHERO™ Goat anti-Rabbit IgG Coated Magnetic Particles

• Used in immunomagnetic separation (IMS)*

* Antognoli, M. C., M. D. Salman, et al. (2001). "A one-tube nested polymerase chain reaction for the detection of mycobacterium bovis in spiked milk samples: an evaluation of concentration and lytic techniques."J Vet Diagn Invest 13(2): 111-116

SPHERO™ Goat anti-Mouse IgG Coated Magnetic Particles

Attributes

• Uniform particle size
• Paramagnetic in nature
• Rapid magnetic responsiveness
• Low non-specific binding
• High binding capacity
• Consistent lot-to-lot performance

Applications

• Automated immunoassays
• Immunoprecipitation
• IP-western blots

SPHERO™ Goat anti-Human IgG Coated Magnetic Particles

• Ideal for the capture and/or detection of target analytes by direct or indirect isolation during immunomagnetic separation
• Improves the performance of ELISAs by enhancing sensitivity and shortening incubation times

SPHERO™ Anti-Digoxigenin Coated Magnetic Particles

• Prepared by covalently coupling of monoclonal antibody to digoxigenin from mouse-mouse hybrid cells
• Used to purify and detect digoxigenin-labeled protein and nucleic acids using magnetic separation

SPHERO™ Anti-Digoxin Coated Magnetic Particles

• Prepared by covalently coupling of monoclonal antibody to digoxin from mouse-mouse hybrid cells
• Used to purify and detect digoxin-labeled proteins and nucleic acids using magnetic separation

SPHERO™ Glutathione Coated Magnetic Particles

• Used for the magnetic purification of glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion proteins from a bacteria, yeast or mammalian crude cell lysate

SPHERO™ Mouse IgG Coated Magnetic Particles

• Coated with highly purified, whole molecule Mouse IgG from normal serums

SPHERO™ Rabbit anti-HA Coated Magnetic Particles

• Coated with affinity purified anti-Hemagglutinin (HA) epitope tag [Rabbit] polyclonal antibody
• Binds to HA-tagged recombinant proteins

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SPHERO™ Fluorescent Magnetic Particles

Consists of paramagnetic particles made by either staining the polystyrene core or polymerizing a fluorophore in styrene in the presence of polystyrene core particles.

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SPHERO™ Coated Fluorescent Magnetic Particles

Offering Biotin, Protein A, Goat anti-Mouse and Streptavidin coated paramagnetic fluorescent particles.

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SPHERO™ Ferromagnetic Particles

• Manufactured by coating a layer of chromium dioxide and polystyrene onto polystyrene core particles
• Retains magnetism once exposed to a magnetic field
• Exhibits a higher magnetic moment than paramagnetic particles
• Used for magnetic twisting cytometry, microfluidics, and cellular labeling

Unlike paramagnetic particles that are made using iron oxide, SPHERO™ Ferromagnetic Particles are prepared using chromium dioxide coated onto uniform polystyrene particles. These particles retain magnetism once exposed to a magnetic field. The particles can be demagnetized and re-magnetized repeatedly and reproducibly. Ferromagnetic particles have been used for studying mechanotransduction across the cell surface and through the cytoskelaton. This is performed by binding them to cell surface receptors and applying mechanical stress directly to the receptor using a device to twist the magnetic particle.

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SPHERO™ Streptavidin Coated Ferromagnetic Particles

• Used for their ability to be easily manipulated in a magnetic field*

*Anker, J. N., C. J. Behrend, et al. (2005). "Magnetically- modulated optical nanoprobes (MagMOONs) and systems." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 293(1): 655-662

SPHERO™ Goat anti-Mouse IgG Coated Ferromagnetic Particles

• Provides a means to measure forces applied to a specimen through specific receptors proteins
• Aids in the development of magnetic systems designed to apply forces or force patterns
• Coated fluorescent ferromagnetic particles allows for force measurements using fluorescent microscopy
• Contains two orders of magnitude higher magnetic moments than paramagnetic particles and can be incubated with biological cells during phagocytosis assays*

*Mitrelias, T., J. Palfreyman, et al. (2007). "Biological cell detection using ferromagnetic microbeads." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 310(2, Part 3): 2862-2864

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SPHERO™ Magnetic Separators

Spherotech has several different designs of magnetic separators. These are used for separating both Paramagnetic and Ferromagnetic particles. They accommodate different size tubes and other receptacles specific to various applications.

A combination of magnetic particles and conventional enzyme immunoassay (EIA) microplate technology offers significant advantages over conventional EIA. Some of the advantages are listed below:

• Magnetic particles offer a larger surface area and significantly faster reaction kinetics. As a result, the total time to complete an assay is reduced
• Microparticles are washed more efficiently, leaving less residual reactants; thus, lowering the background signal and potentially improving sensitivity
• Coating of magnetic particles is easier, provides a more uniform solid phase and helps to minimize lot-to-lot variation

The SPHERO™ FlexiMag Separator (Cat. No. FMS-1000) is ideal for any laboratory working with magnetic particles for cell separation, immunoassay or affinity purification. It offers the flexibility to meet the small-scale requirements of a research laboratory and the large-quantity processing of a commercial facility. It uses interchangeable tube holders to secure different size tubes and bottles. The separator comes with a set of three tube holders, Small, Medium, and Large. Additional holders can be purchased separately.

• The Small holder accommodates four 1.5 mL microfuges or four 10 or 12x75 mm test tubes (8 total)
• The Medium holder accommodates two 15 mL centrifuge or two 16x100 mm tubes (4 total)
• The Large holder accommodates two 50 mL centrifuge tubes (4 total)
• Two 200 mL tissue culture bottles directly without any tube holders

The SPHERO™ FlexiMag Separator Jr. (Cat. No. FMJ-1000) is designed for small scale use. It holds up to eight 1.5 mL microfuge tubes, 5 mL cryovials, 10x75 mm or 12x75mm tubes.

The SPHERO™ MicroMag Separator (Cat No. MMS-2100) is designed to fit any 96-well plate with round bottom, flat bottom or V bottom. The magnet will pull the particles to the corner of the well bottom to facilitate the aspiration of supernatant during the washing.

The SPHERO™ HandiMag Separator is a 1"x2"x0.375"

Neodymium-Iron-Boron high-strength magnet with nickel coating on the surface to prevent corrosion. It can be used to separate the magnetic particles in various containers such as microfuge tubes, test tubes, or centrifuge tubes by holding the magnet against the wall of containers by hand or with a rubber band.

The SPHERO™ UltraMag Separator (Cat. No. UMS-3000) and SPHERO™ UltraMag DW Separator (Cat. No. UMDS- 1000) are designed to facilitate the washing of magnetic particles in the Magnetic Particles Enzyme Immunoassay (MPEIA) using 96-well plates. The magnetic pegs of the UltraMag Separator fit between the wells underneath the 96-well plate. The microplate is read in an appropriate microtiter plate reader by loading the microplate with the attached UltraMag Separator into the reader. The magnets ensure that the magnetic particles stay out of the light beam passing through the bottom of the well and corresponding holes in the UltraMag Separator.

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